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| Angy | ||
|---|---|---|
| Angy | ||
| Pronunciation | /'aŋ.gy/ | |
| Spoken in | Rasoran Union | |
| Total speakers | — | |
| Language family | Rasoric
| |
| Writing system | Latin | |
| Official status | ||
| Official language in | Rasoran Union | |
| Regulated by | Angekuny (The Language Council) | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1 | None | |
| ISO 639-2 | – | |
| ISO 639-3 | – | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Angy is an auxiliary language constructed by the Rasoran Language Council after the unification of the Rasoric territories. It is the official language of the Rasoran Union. Notable features of Angy include a vowel classification system and natural/artificial quality distinction.
Contents |
Alphabet and Pronunciation
Vowels: [a], [e], [i], [o], [u], [y]
Consonants: [p], [t], [k], [b], [d], [g], [m], [n], [w], [j], [h], [f], [s], [r], [l], [v], [z]
Morphology
There are 3 root categories in Angy: nouns, numbers, and particles. Actions, qualities, and action qualities can be formed by inflection.
Vowel Classifiers
- substantives end in o
- actions end in a
- The action form has no set meaning. It is whatever action is done to or with the noun root used in context.
- qualities end in i
- The quality form denotes a similarity to the noun root used (noun-like)
- action qualities end in e
- Denotes a similarity to the action in context of the noun root used (in the manner of noun)
An example inflection of the substantive root ot meaning fire:
- oto - fire
- ota - burn
- oti - hot
- ote - hotly
Artificial Markers
An artificial (man-made) noun can be inflected with a y. Using the example from above:
- oty - fire (arson, campfire)
Particle Morphology
The particle group is a catch-all category that includes prepositions, conjunctions, adverbs, and grammar markers. These words all end in u and their roots are independent of substantives (ex. bo, grasp, and bu, if, do not share the same root). Prepositional particles may be inflected by removing the u and using a vowel classifier.
Number Morphology
Number roots all end in an unremovable n. Numbers may also be inflected using vowel classifiers:
- ajn - one
- ajno - the first
- ajna - (whatever action that can be done in context)
- ajni - first
- ajne - firstly
Particles
Angy employs heavy use of particles to determine aspect, tense, mood, etc. The polar particles su and nu can be attached to other particles to emphasize or negate respectively.
Tense:
Tense Angy English Translation Present Tense ala cook Past Tense mu ala cooked Future Tense ku ala will cook
Angy does not include inflections for plurals, nor does it include traditional articles. The particle "ru" functions as a plural marker. Demonstrative correlatives are used in place of definite articles.
- I see a cow - Wo via sapio [lit. I see cow]
- I see cows - Wo via ru sapio [lit. I see (more than one) cow]
- I see the cow - Wo via fomu sapio [lit. I see this cow]
- I see the cows - Wo via fomu ru sapio [lit. I see this (more than one) cow}
Moods:
- Interrogative - tsu (must always begin the question): Tsu to ala? - Do you cook? (this is only used if there is no interrogative correlative)
Modal Particles Positive Translation Negative Translation Ability sualu can nualu can not Permission sustu may nustu may not Necessity sumju must, have to numju must not Desire suvu want, would like nuvu do not want, would not like
- The negative necessity modal numu means explicitly "must not" as in "You must not cook": To numu ara. To say something like "You do not have to cook", you would place a negative marker in front of the positive modal: To nu sumju ara (You no must cook)
- Directive commands can be expressed with just the verb:
Ala! (Eat) Nu ala! (Don't eat)
- Volitive commands are expressed with -vamu:
Suvamu gia! (Let's go!) Nuvamu gia (let's not go)
Evidentiality and Epistemic Modality:
| Epistemic Particle | Angy Example | English Translation |
| sutinu | Ro sutinu gia | Evidently, he walked. |
| nutinu | Ro nutinu gia | It is doubtful that he walked. |
Comparison:
| Comparative Particle | Angy Example | English Translation |
| suru | Wo suru bari du to. | I am more tall than you. |
| nuru | Wo nuru bari du to. | I am less tall than you. |
| sufu | Wo sufu bari. | I am the most tall. |
| nufu | Wo nufu bari. | I am the least tall. |
Polarity:
| Polar Particle | Agnos Example | English Translation |
| su | Wo su gia. | Yes, I am going. |
| nu | Wo nu gia. | No, I am not going. |
Dictionary
Nouns
| Angy | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| san | acid | adj: sour |
| kamas | adolescent | adj: young, teenage |
| vajask | adult | adj: old, mature |
| amit | amethyst | |
| marak | angel | |
| gadab | anger | |
| rav | ant | adj: small |
| odvoran | appeal | v: summon |
| bahu | arm | |
| atemp | attempt | v: try |
| barans | balance | |
| gor | ball | |
| tesma | band | accoutrement |
| basad | base | chemical base |
| basin | basin | |
| sawj | bat | |
| jokuj | bath | |
| begin | beginning | |
| tsir | bird | |
| sang | blood | |
| ter | body | |
| kost | bone | |
| kirja | book | v: read |
| sub | bottom | |
| no | brain | v: think |
| tseng | building | |
| dohi | canister | |
| kad | card | |
| ma | cat | |
| reis | house | |
| si | chair | |
| hadaj | challenge | v: protest, argue |
| mabad | change | force, compelling action |
| rasim | chemical | |
| manok | chicken | |
| natar | Christmas | |
| anak | child | |
| kokor | chocolate | |
| dair | circle | wheel |
| hiri | city | |
| grin | clay | |
| meg | cloud | |
| ik | color | |
| sukob | conflict | |
| potir | contest | |
| ans | conversation | |
| patjan | cover | |
| sapi | cow | |
| karis | crystal | |
| tavak | custom | ritual, tradition |
| osk | dark | |
| tsi | day | |
| davet | death | |
| metim | deceased | the dead |
| wati | deity | v: pray |
| ku | direction | |
| mor | dirt | |
| find | discovery | v: look for, discover |
| pokas | display | v: show |
| tesem | dog | |
| dot | dot | |
| jume | dream | v: sleep |
| rehor | drought | adj: dry |
| hauts | dust | |
| nem | dwarf | adj: short |
| er | ear | adj: listen, hear |
| eg | egg | |
| tawari | emergency | |
| konets | end | |
| enerug | energy | |
| pirav | entitlement | a right |
| etatam | explosion | |
| vi | eye | |
| ka | face | |
| sar | fat | |
| kar | favor | |
| fer | fear | |
| ni | female | |
| fit | fetus | unborn child |
| ot | fire | |
| ser | flood | |
| weneb | flower | |
| ar | food | v: eat, cook |
| gi | foot | |
| foruk | fork | |
| masar | friction | |
| akis | friend | |
| senj | frown | |
| kino | function | |
| gem | game | |
| dar | gift | |
| juri | glass | |
| kor | glue | |
| tser | goal | |
| emas | gold | money |
| b | grasp | v: know, get, gather, understand, have |
| kusa | grass | |
| anj | greeting | farewell; v: hello/goodbye |
| ekun | group | |
| kesja | hair | |
| ken | half | |
| man | hand | |
| hed | head | |
| tepr | heat | |
| herf | help | |
| aruk | hierarchy | government |
| sag | history | v: to recount, tell a story |
| pativ | honor | |
| hop | hope | |
| hip | horse | |
| hospit | hospital | |
| tjas | hour | |
| ajs | ice | |
| ide | idea | |
| isk | impact | |
| kotaj | individual | adj: free |
| bebek | baby | |
| makt | influence | |
| safar | journey | |
| mafte | key | |
| bisak | blade | |
| ang | language | |
| natan | leader | |
| sitar | lemon | |
| kraj | land | country |
| rever | level | floor (of a building), shelf |
| sat | lie | |
| rus | light | |
| rad | lightning | electricity |
| tara | lock | |
| rogik | logic | |
| na | male | |
| mek | system | machine, mechanism |
| dawa | medicine | |
| mir | member | |
| jad | memory | |
| tovar | goods | merchandise |
| sered | middle | |
| majr | mile | adj: long |
| miri | military | v: war |
| mirar | mirror | v: reflect |
| harat | mix | |
| sabah | morning | |
| bar | mountain | adj: tall, grand |
| katir | murder | |
| isom | muscle | |
| musik | music | |
| nadir | nadir | |
| nam | name | |
| visin | neighbor | |
| maram | night | |
| sur | noise | |
| burun | nose | |
| rakam | number | |
| nus | nut | |
| orang | orange | |
| rend | order | |
| ander | other | |
| awr | owl | |
| rap | leaf | |
| bori | pain | |
| vanem | parent | |
| mokud | patient | |
| hem | pattern | |
| aman | peace | |
| om | human | |
| kaiga | picture | |
| estuk | piece | |
| pran | plain | |
| es | position | |
| ikar | principle | |
| kas | product | |
| promes | promise | oath |
| raser | puzzle | v: confuse, confound |
| geg | quake | v: shake |
| tsimun | question | v: ask |
| jamur | rain | |
| respet | respect | |
| da | rice | |
| wej | river | |
| bat | rock | |
| mej | rose | |
| gom | rubber | |
| noj | sand | |
| kib | scale | size |
| bimir | secret | |
| id | self | |
| sejn | senior | |
| sens | sense | v: feel (abstract) |
| sor | series | |
| esker | shell | cocoon |
| tameng | shield | v: protect |
| sj | show | |
| sisar | sibling | |
| ond | side | |
| sjot | silence | |
| beser | similarity |
adj: similar, equa |
| eskin | skin | |
| jer | sky | |
| son | sleep | |
| peres | sloth | adj: lazy |
| saug | smell | odor |
| rah | smile | |
| sipot | snail |
slug; adj: slow |
| ofid | snake | v: whisper |
| samaj | society | |
| anam | soul | v: love |
| avas | sound | v: call |
| sop | soup | |
| hiros | speed | adj: fast |
| marsar | spice | |
| esponj | sponge | v: absorb |
| kasek | spoon | |
| jutus | star | |
| hara | state | |
| fimb | stick | |
| estov | stuff | |
| sug | sugar | |
| jang | sun | |
| opor | support | foundation, footing |
| save | taste | |
| og | thing | |
| aster | thorn | |
| samin | time | |
| kima | top | |
| menar | tower | |
| pohon | tree | |
| okop | trench | |
| istin | truth | |
| gren | valley | |
| virus | virus | |
| vakjer | vaccuum | adj: empty, easy |
| kasan | volcano | |
| pani | water | |
| pad | wave | |
| mom | wax | |
| web | web | spider web, internet |
| aruvek | whale | |
| entaj | whole | adj: healthy |
| baver | wind | |
| waj | wolf | v: howl |
| divi | wonder | |
| vor | wool | clothing |
| karim | word | |
| kam | work | |
| nahas | world | |
| tahun | year | |
| senit | zenith | |
| jin | moon | satellite, v: orbit |
| kimis | silver | |
| awker | choice | |
| kopi | spear | |
| var | wall | |
| mon | monarch | |
| natur | nature | |
| omsanat | artifice | comp:(person+art) |
| nasake | mercy | |
| eret | life | |
| kofi | hat | |
| ejak | being | sentient |
| vistar | detail | |
| garaki | galaxy | |
| mer | gratitude | |
| korvat | substitute | copy, clone |
| isjar | sign | v: signal |
| sanat | art | |
| tofa | apple | |
| tomat | tomato | |
| sas | sauce | |
| papa | potato | |
| hev | animal | |
| gensi | atom | |
| nanok | bear | |
| rang | bell | |
| kanond | square | comp:(4+side) |
| tinond | triangle | comp:(3+side) |
| nan | bread | |
| pasu | pause | stop |
| otar | foreign object | |
| gake | cliff | |
| kod | action | v: cause, affect |
| itog | reaction | result, effect |
| nafas | chance | luck, probability |
| fam | farm | |
| koroni | colony | |
| stam | stem | tree trunk |
| ajnavas | vowel |
comp:(primary+sound) |
| donavas | consonant | comp:(secondary+sound) |
| mais | corn | |
| kutun | cotton | |
| urok | lesson | |
| krop | crop | |
| kros | cross | |
| tor | tear | |
| potok | current | |
| itik | duck | |
| erem | element | |
| metar | metal | |
| otov | poison | |
| kira | worm | |
| vats | insect | bug |
| mar | honey | |
| tori | feather | pen (European) |
| morok | milk | |
| mag | seed | v: plant |
| tis | tooth | v: bite, chew |
| nesum | rodent | mouse, rat |
| miraf | coil | spring, spiral |
| majun | monkey | |
| ovis | sheep | |
| hub | lip | v: kiss |
| jas | tongue | |
| garon | throat | |
| ber | berry | |
| kap | drop | |
| naga | dragon | |
| kosen | ray | v: radiate |
| mit | myth | |
| rat | fly | insect |
| hansir | pig | |
| kes | cheese | |
| ikan | fish | v: swim |
| hwa | fruit | |
| sart | salt | |
| gosto | meat | flesh |
| semja | family | |
| haj | vessel | craft |
| gir | chalk | limestone |
| neft | oil | crude as well as refined |
| hod | road | |
| rag | law | |
| iron | iron | |
| mater | matter | material |
| mis | copper | |
| kinu | silk | |
| tihan | sneeze | |
| hans | cough | |
| panh | wing | |
| mok | beak | |
| maguma | magma | |
| akar | root | |
| kuhur | alcohol | |
| magber | strawberry | comp:(seed+berry) |
| paniikber | blueberry |
comp:(water+color+berry) |
| panihwa | watermelon | comp:(water+fruit) |
| hodhaj | car | comp:(road+vessel) |
| panihaj | boat | comp:(water+vessel) |
| jerhaj | plane | comp:(air+vessel) |
| jutushaj | spaceship | comp:(star+vessel) |
| tejk | resistance | v: repel |
| idekas | creation | comp:(idea+product) |
| kopit | experience | v: test, experiment, taste |
| timb | elephant | |
| kadar | lizard | |
| iger | frog | v: jump, leap |
| panikraj | marsh | comp:(water+land) |
| rehorokraj | desert | comp:(drought+land) |
| dawaom | doctor | comp:(medicine+person) |
| mekom | engineer | comp:(system+person) |
| sus | right | v: turn, head ~ |
| has | left | v: turn, head ~ |
| esku | east | comp:(position+direction) |
| jumeku | west | comp:(dream+direction) |
| hasku | north | comp:(left+direction) |
| susku | south | comp:(right+direction) |
| akur | shark | |
| gov | predator | v: hunt |
| saris | prey | |
| sih | weapon | v: fire, attack |
| bir | joke | |
| sus | right | |
| has | left | |
| sojus | bond | spouse, v: marry |
| seson | season | |
| wenebseson | Spring | comp:(flower+season) |
| jangseson | Summer | comp:(sun+season) |
| rapseson | Autumn | comp:(leaf+season) |
| ajsseson | Winter | comp:(ice+season) |
| rokon | relative | family member |
| sawb | magic | |
| hor | hole | v: dig |
| tanum | plant | v: grow |
| kere | projectile | v: shoot, launch, throw |
| prof | expert | |
| reber | rebel | rogue |
| aksjar | letter | of an alphabet, v: spell |
| jeve | future | |
| pase | past | |
| hede | present | time |
| dusi | particle | linguistic and subatomic |
| gunam | quality | |
| ted | manner | |
| nisk | clone | copy |
| raut | sea | ocean, lake |
| bahat | fortune | |
| rik | growl | snarl |
| tend | fever | |
| fin | fin | of a sea creature |
| ester | solid | |
| igr | liquid | v: drink |
| gas | gas | |
| prasm | plasma | |
| bog | arc | bow |
| usem | laugh | |
| ikbog | rainbow |
comp:(coor+arc) |
| bajt | problem | obstacle, v: block |
| tafahum | accord | v: agree, consent |
| vesej | danger | risk, threat |
| ventur | adventure | |
| wan | branch | limb |
| tsun | horn | |
| ebw | ivory | |
| dakt | digit | finger, toe |
| hant | spirit | ghost, v: follow, haunt |
| tip | type | classification |
| ke | smoke | |
| krom | paint | |
| isumi | fountain | spring |
| pur | island | |
| poris | police | |
| kosmos | universe | |
| pogod | weather | |
| dorob | thief | v: steal |
| song | song | v: sing |
| sep | room | cell (organism) |
| kikan | organ | of a body |
| sepweb | tissue | of an organ, comp:(cell+web) |
| bi | bee | insect |
| ris | crevice | crack, split |
| bojg | planet | |
| hurakan | hurricane | |
| unore | tornado | funnel (artificial) |
| buran | storm | |
| rumi | snow | |
| hjo | hail | |
| sariv | bay | |
| emer | maze | labyrinth |
| banan | banana | |
| awakat | avocado | |
| rahan | cabbage | |
| marur | lettuce | |
| magnes | magnet | v: attract |
| gravid | gravity | |
| wasp | wasp | v: sting |
| sjengivats | centipede | comp:(100+foot+bug) |
| densjengivats | millipede | comp:(1,000+foot+bug) |
| sahar | caterpillar | |
| karogi | butterfly | |
| anten | antenna | of a bug and a device |
| furut | flute | |
| hirit | lily | |
| gesar | carrot | |
| hijar | cucumber | |
| bati | eggplant | |
| burokor | broccoli | |
| mame | bean | any edible bean |
| eskor | garlic | |
| ginjer | ginger | |
| angur | grape | |
| kinok | mushroom | |
| usna | onion | |
| najis | squash | also pumpkin |
| ispanah | spinach | |
| ovosj | vegetable |
Particles
| Particle | English |
|---|---|
| du | at, for, to, than |
| seu | of, from, since, by (authorship) |
| meu | with, by way of, using, via |
| besu | without |
| ju | and |
| ou | or |
| mitsu | but, rather, although, however |
| niu | near, about, by |
| inu | in, into, inside |
| teu | out, out of, outside |
| daju | on, on top of, over, up |
| doru |
under, below, down |
| bu | if |
| sariu | unless |
| fiwanu | (just) in case |
| metu | in order to, so that |
| pahu | instead of, rather than |
| orosu | already, yet |
| gantu | concerning, about, on, in terms of |
| wesu | off, away |
| erikangu | nevertheless, despite, notwithstanding |
| tavu | there is, there are |
| antu | before, until |
| postu | after, behind |
| hiu* | in, on (temporal) |
| rotanu | please (politeness marker) |
| tu | relative marker, passive marker |
| ru | plural marker |
| sutinu | evidently, certainly |
| nutinu | uncertainly, maybe |
| tsu | interrogative particle |
| fu | farthest extent particle |
*Inu and daju are strictly spatial particles (e.g. I am in the house - Wo inu reisos). The particle hiu is strictly temporal and would be used for phrases like "on Sunday" (hiu ajntsios) or "in three hours" (hiu tin tjaso).
Table of Correlatives
| :D | Interrogative | Proximal | Distal |
Definite Universal |
Indefinite Universal | Few | Many | Universal | No |
| Noun |
kogu what |
fogu this |
dogu that |
mogu something |
rogu anything |
fetogu few things |
varogu many things |
osogu everything |
nogu nothing |
| Individual |
komu who/which |
fomu this one, this [x] |
domu that one, that [x] |
momu someone, some [x] |
romu anyone, any [x] |
fetomu few, few [x] |
varomu many, many [x] |
osomu each one, each [x] |
nomu no one, no [x] |
| Location |
koju where |
foju here |
doju there |
moju somewhere |
roju anywhere |
fetoju few places |
varoju many places |
osoju everywhere |
noju nowhere |
| Manner |
kanu how |
fanu (in) this way |
danu (in) that way |
manu (in) some way (of) |
ranu (in) any way |
fetanu (in) a few ways (of) |
varanu (in) many ways (of) |
osanu (in) every way (of) |
nanu (in) no way (of) |
| Time |
kusu when |
fusu now |
dusu later |
musu sometime |
rusu anytime |
fetusu seldom |
varusu many times |
osusu always |
nusu never |
| Verb |
kejwa do what |
fejwa do this |
dejwa do that |
mejwa do something |
rejwa do anything |
fetejwa do a few things |
varejwa do many things |
osejwa do everything |
nejwa do nothing |
| Reason |
kenu why |
fenu therefore/because |
denu thus |
menu (for) some reason |
renu (for) any reason |
fetenu (for) a few reasons |
varenu (for) many reasons |
osenu (for) all reasons |
nenu (for) no reason |
| Amount |
kiju how much |
fiju this much |
diju that much |
miju some amount |
riju any amount |
fetiju a few/bit |
variju many/much |
osiju all |
niju none |
| Kind |
kaju what kind of |
faju this kind of |
daju that kind of |
maju some kind of |
raju any kind of |
fetaju few kinds of |
varaju many kinds of |
osaju all kinds of |
naju no kinds of |
| Association |
kotsu whose |
fotsu this one's |
dotsu that one's |
motsu someone's |
rotsu anyone's |
fetotsu few people's |
varotsu many people's |
osotsu everyone's |
notsu no one's |
Using the Table of Correlatives
Questions are always in the format: Particle-Subject-Verb-Object
The interrogative correlatives (as well as the particle 'tsu') act as clause enhancers; they will always begin the question.
- Koju to gia? - Where are you going?
- Tsu to kafeoja? - Are you going to the coffee shop?
- Tsu ro paniiko? - Is it blue?
Relative interrogatives are formed with the addition of the particle "tu":
- Wo ba tu komu mu fejwa - I know who did it
