From ConPlanet
| Csara | ||
|---|---|---|
| Csara | ||
| Spoken in |  Salian Empire
| |
| Total speakers | — | |
| Language family | Salian
| |
| Writing system | Latin, Cyrillic, Arabic, Armenian, Stox | |
| Official status | ||
| Official language in | Salian Empire
| |
| Regulated by | Regional, State, Plate, and National Level Masters' Councils | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1 | None | |
| ISO 639-2 | – | |
| ISO 639-3 | – | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Csara is a language distantly related to Sala and is used by the general public throughout the Salian Empire and each of its towers (zurtasla)
Contents |
Geographic distribution
Csara is used by the regional populous on every plate in Salia. It is not often used in the Imperial Capital of Valias Ilas, where only Sala is official.
Dialects
There are four dialects of the language:
- nenkorahyerna
- language of the north
- nenkoralqerba
- language of the south
- nenkorikrelki
- language of the east
- nenkorarwamna
- language of the west
History
Csara was formed from a divergent sect of Salians before the towers were built, before rajalu was even discovered. They felt oppressed by the rigid and strict lifestyle of the salians whose main objective is progress in science and national order. A sect calling themselves cs sala kas (which in old csara means the people from out of Sala) split off from the Salians and developed a new language for their order so that Salians would not understand them or be able to spy on them.
Eventually, Salian scientists discovered rahika and rajalu and started searching for resources to set up the capital city of Valias Ilas. The csarans were a nomadic people and as such often had a different home all the time. Well the csarans happened upon a large source of resources needed to make both rahika and rajalu which the salians were searching for at the time. The csarans also found the resources valuable and decided to make their home there for a while so that they may take advantage of the resources available at that location. The Salians found them eventually and wanted to use the resources to build their towers as all other attempts to find resources have thus far proven futile. The csarans did not want to give up their land without a fight, but unfortunately did not have the best defenses, especially against the great military power of the Salians.
However, the Salians over the years have developed a great number of folk tales and legends about the great mystical power of the cult of csara, as they called it. According to legend the csarans had great powers due to their studies of alchemy that allowed them to perform wondrous feats that made their power seem weak and useless. Having this in mind when they went to the csarans, they did not want to invoke their wrath, so rather than declaring war against them, they sent an ambassador to speak to the heads of the csarans.
It turns out that the csarans were tired of living a nomadic life since a portion of their population generally dies on their many moves across the land. They had found a spot that they liked and did not want to move. They didn't really care about the resources, except those needed to make buildings and the like so that they may finally settle and build a city. So they made an agreement with the Salians to help them build their tower and capital city of valias ilas provided that they allowed them to live in the tower they helped to build. The salians had no problem with this and made arrangements to allow for csaran customs such as gambling, arena battling, etc. as long as csarans followed the political and business model they had designed. Thus was made the first tower known as Meyyar whereupon the Salian capital Valias Ilas was built, and the four capital sectors of the csarans built above it. These four capitals are known as Vayera Rawmanimb in the west, Ađđerla Kirlekimb in the east, Xrŋa Hayrenimb in the north, and Vecalh Laqrebimb in the south.
The four official scripts
Csara has 6 scripts in use with more or less official status. The Blox script is used at the national level. It is one of the official scripts of sala and is used for governmental decrees and the like. The csaran script, designed specifically for csara, is used at the plate level to facilitate communication between all four regions. Then each of the four official scripts are used at the regional level for everyday communication. Each has its advantages and drawbacks:
scqñenŧolarwamna
- plus
- all vowels are indicated
- special notation for certain glottal stop combinations
- single letter for most sounds
- minus
- does not indicate intervocalic glides
- special notation can lead to confusion
џъњенќоликрелки (scqñenŧolikrelki)
- plus
- all vowels are indicated
- shows intervocalic glides
- minus
- palatals indicated on different letters
- pattern for sibilants can be a bit confusing
صانيينتيوللايرب (scqñenŧolalqerba)
- plus
- single letter for most sounds
- letter pattern for sibilants
- good representation of word structure
- minus
- no vowels indicated (a system is optional, but typically not used)
- all palatals indicated with digraphs
ծակէնջօլհխֆէրն (scqñenŧolahyerna)
- plus
- separate symbols for coarticulated consonants
- good representation of word structure
- vowels are a little better represented
- separate letter for different r sounds and merged the ń and ŋ into a single letterform
- minus
- all voiced group 4 consonants are digraphs
- no representation of vowels
Phonology
Csara has five groups of nouns indicated by their ending letter. This ending has an effect on how it is inflected. These groups are as follows:
- 1 - vowels
- a e i o u á ó ú
- 2 - semivowels
- l r m n ŋ ń nd ŋg mb j w
- 3 - sibilants
- s sc ş c cs ç
- 4 - basic
- b d g p t k v ð y f þ x ŧ đ
- 5 - gutteral
- h q ħ
csara vowels
Csaran vowels follow a special set of patterns that indicate how and when they are typically to be used a - /a/ e - /e/ i - /i/ o - /o/ u - /u/ á - /æ/ ó - /ø/ ú - /y/
csara consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | Plain | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||||
| Coarticulated | mb | nd | ŋg | |||||||
| Plosive | Plain | p b | t d | k g | ʔ | |||||
| Palatalised | c ɟ | |||||||||
| Fricative | Plain | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | x ɣ | ħ | h | ||
| Syllabic | s̩ʃ s̩s | ʃ̩s ʃ̩ʃ | ||||||||
| Approximant | ɹ | j | w | |||||||
| Flap or tap | ɾ | |||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l | |||||||||
Writing system
csara vowels
In csara, vowels are indicated differently depending on the script. In all scripts e and o can be considered long versions of i and u respectively. If a there are two or more vowels in a row, then a semivowel is automatically inserted. Some scripts show this, others don't. What is considered a minimal pair between related vowels is often distinguished by geminating a semivowel in between. For example, ia and ea may be used. These could be rewritten as ija and ijja respectively.
csara consonants
| Arwamna | Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | Plain | m | n | ñ | ŋ | |||||
| Coarticulated | mb | nd | ŋg | |||||||
| Plosive | Plain | p b | t d | k g | q | |||||
| Palatalised | ŧ đ | |||||||||
| Fricative | Plain | f v | þ ð | s z | c ź/ż | x y | ħ | h | ||
| Syllabic | sc ś/ş | cs ć/ç | ||||||||
| Approximant | r | j | w | |||||||
| Flap or tap | r | |||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l | |||||||||
| Ikrelki | Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | Plain | м | н | њ | ӈ | |||||
| Coarticulated | мб | нд | ӈг | |||||||
| Plosive | Plain | п б | т д | к г | ъ | |||||
| Palatalised | ќ ѓ | |||||||||
| Fricative | Plain | ф в | ҵ ҩ | с з | ш ж | х ғ | ћ | ђ | ||
| Syllabic | џ ц | щ ч | ||||||||
| Approximant | р | й | ў | |||||||
| Flap or tap | р | |||||||||
| Lateral approximant | л | |||||||||
| Alqerba | Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | Plain | م | ن | ني | نّ | |||||
| Coarticulated | مب | ند | نگ | |||||||
| Plosive | Plain | ق ب | ت د | ك گ | ا | |||||
| Palatalised | تي دي | |||||||||
| Fricative | Plain | ف ى | ث ذ | س ز | ش ج | خ غ | ح | ه | ||
| Syllabic | ص ض | ط ظ | ||||||||
| Approximant | ر | ي | و | |||||||
| Flap or tap | ر | |||||||||
| Lateral approximant | ل | |||||||||
| Ahyerna | Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | Plain | մ | ն | կ | կ | |||||
| Coarticulated | պ | տ | կ | |||||||
| Plosive | Plain | բ բֆ | դ դֆ | գ գֆ | ա | |||||
| Palatalised | ջ ձ | |||||||||
| Fricative | Plain | փ փֆ | թ թֆ | ս զ | շ ժ | խ խֆ | ղ | հ | ||
| Syllabic | ծ ց | ճ չ | ||||||||
| Approximant | ր | յ | ւ | |||||||
| Flap or tap | ռ | |||||||||
| Lateral approximant | լ | |||||||||
Grammar
Csara has a number of different cases. There are 7 main cases that are used for most things. These are nom, acc, gen, dat, inst, com, and part. There are a few other marginal cases but these are a work in progress. Then there are a large number of locatives that follow rigid patterns to impart their subtle meanings.
Csaran locatives
This is a topic worthy of its own section. All locatives require that the stress be moved to the syllable preceding the sibilant. I will use the word fitak (animal), a group 4 word, to show the locatives:
- at
- fitakaza
- in-like
- in
- fitakas
- into
- fitakasc
- intowards
- fitakaś
- in
- out-like
- out
- fitakac
- out from
- fitakacs
- from outward
- fitakać
- out
- on-like
- on
- fitaksa
- onto
- fitaksac
- ontowards
- fitaksas
- on
- off-like
- off
- fitakca
- off from
- fitakcas
- from offward
- fitakcac
- off
- perpendicular linear
- in front of
- fitakants
- into front of
- fitakantsc
- intowards front of
- fitakantś
- out front of
- fitakantc
- out from front of
- fitakantcs
- from outwards front of
- fitakantć
- in back of
- fitaksant
- into back of
- fitaksantc
- intowards back of
- fitaksants
- out back of
- fitakcant
- from out back of
- fitakcants
- from outwards back of
- fitakcantc
- in front of
- altitude/temporal
- in above
- fitakamps
- into above
- fitakampsc
- intowards above
- fitakampś
- out above
- fitakampc
- out from above
- fitakampcs
- from outwards above
- fitakampć
- in below
- fitaksamp
- into below
- fitaksampc
- intowards below
- fitaksamps
- out below
- fitakcamp
- out from below
- fitakcamps
- from outwards below
- fitakcampc
- in above
- proximity
- in near
- fitakanks
- into near
- fitakanksc
- intowards near
- fitakankś
- out near
- fitakankc
- out from near
- fitakankcs
- from outwards near
- fitakankć
- in far
- fitaksank
- into far
- fitaksankc
- intowards far
- fitaksanks
- out far
- fitakcank
- out from far
- fitakcanks
- from outward far
- fitakcankc
- in near
Vocabulary
Describe the origins of your language's vocabulary.
Examples
- hello
- violunði!
- виолунҩи!
- ىيولنذ!
- փֆյօլտ!
- my name is
- avilarðimb ...
- авиларҩимб ...
- أىلرذمب ...
- ափֆլրթֆպ ...
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