Swadesh list
From ConPlanet
A Swadesh list is one of several lists of vocabulary with basic meanings, developed by Morris Swadesh in the 1940–50s, which is used in lexicostatistics (quantitative language relatedness assessment) and glottochronology (language divergence dating).
Contents |
Full Swadesh list
Below is the full table of the default Swadesh list (listing words in English as the default language).
Copy the table and add words in your language, make it in a new page.
| No. | English | Language |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | |
| 2 | you (singular) | |
| 3 | he | |
| 4 | we | |
| 5 | you (plural) | |
| 6 | they | |
| 7 | this | |
| 8 | that | |
| 9 | here | |
| 10 | there | |
| 11 | who | |
| 12 | what | |
| 13 | where | |
| 14 | when | |
| 15 | how | |
| 16 | not | |
| 17 | all | |
| 18 | many | |
| 19 | some | |
| 20 | few | |
| 21 | other | |
| 22 | one | |
| 23 | two | |
| 24 | three | |
| 25 | four | |
| 26 | five | |
| 27 | big | |
| 28 | long | |
| 29 | wide | |
| 30 | thick | |
| 31 | heavy | |
| 32 | small | |
| 33 | short | |
| 34 | narrow | |
| 35 | thin | |
| 36 | woman | |
| 37 | man (adult male) | |
| 38 | man (human being) | |
| 39 | child | |
| 40 | wife | |
| 41 | husband | |
| 42 | mother | |
| 43 | father | |
| 44 | animal | |
| 45 | fish | |
| 46 | bird | |
| 47 | dog | |
| 48 | louse | |
| 49 | snake | |
| 50 | worm | |
| 51 | tree | |
| 52 | forest | |
| 53 | stick | |
| 54 | fruit | |
| 55 | seed | |
| 56 | leaf | |
| 57 | root | |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | |
| 59 | flower | |
| 60 | grass | |
| 61 | rope | |
| 62 | skin | |
| 63 | meat | |
| 64 | blood | |
| 65 | bone | |
| 66 | fat (noun) | |
| 67 | egg | |
| 68 | horn | |
| 69 | tail | |
| 70 | feather | |
| 71 | hair | |
| 72 | head | |
| 73 | ear | |
| 74 | eye | |
| 75 | nose | |
| 76 | mouth | |
| 77 | tooth | |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | |
| 79 | fingernail | |
| 80 | foot | |
| 81 | leg | |
| 82 | knee | |
| 83 | hand | |
| 84 | wing | |
| 85 | belly | |
| 86 | guts, intestines | |
| 87 | neck | |
| 88 | back | |
| 89 | breast | |
| 90 | heart | |
| 91 | liver | |
| 92 | to drink | |
| 93 | to eat | |
| 94 | to bite | |
| 95 | to suck | |
| 96 | to spit | |
| 97 | to vomit | |
| 98 | to blow | |
| 99 | to breathe | |
| 100 | to laugh | |
| 101 | to see | |
| 102 | to hear | |
| 103 | to know | |
| 104 | to think | |
| 105 | to smell | |
| 106 | to fear | |
| 107 | to sleep | |
| 108 | to live | |
| 109 | to die | |
| 110 | to kill | |
| 111 | to fight | |
| 112 | to hunt | |
| 113 | to hit | |
| 114 | to cut | |
| 115 | to split | |
| 116 | to stab | |
| 117 | to scratch | |
| 118 | to dig | |
| 119 | to swim | |
| 120 | to fly | |
| 121 | to walk | |
| 122 | to come | |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | |
| 124 | to sit | |
| 125 | to stand | |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | |
| 127 | to fall | |
| 128 | to give | |
| 129 | to hold | |
| 130 | to squeeze | |
| 131 | to rub | |
| 132 | to wash | |
| 133 | to wipe | |
| 134 | to pull | |
| 135 | to push | |
| 136 | to throw | |
| 137 | to tie | |
| 138 | to sew | |
| 139 | to count | |
| 140 | to say | |
| 141 | to sing | |
| 142 | to play | |
| 143 | to float | |
| 144 | to flow | |
| 145 | to freeze | |
| 146 | to swell | |
| 147 | sun | |
| 148 | moon | |
| 149 | star | |
| 150 | water | |
| 151 | rain | |
| 152 | river | |
| 153 | lake | |
| 154 | sea | |
| 155 | salt | |
| 156 | stone | |
| 157 | sand | |
| 158 | dust | |
| 159 | earth | |
| 160 | cloud | |
| 161 | fog | |
| 162 | sky | |
| 163 | wind | |
| 164 | snow | |
| 165 | ice | |
| 166 | smoke | |
| 167 | fire | |
| 168 | ash | |
| 169 | to burn | |
| 170 | road | |
| 171 | mountain | |
| 172 | red | |
| 173 | green | |
| 174 | yellow | |
| 175 | white | |
| 176 | black | |
| 177 | night | |
| 178 | day | |
| 179 | year | |
| 180 | warm | |
| 181 | cold | |
| 182 | full | |
| 183 | new | |
| 184 | old | |
| 185 | good | |
| 186 | bad | |
| 187 | rotten | |
| 188 | dirty | |
| 189 | straight | |
| 190 | round | |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | |
| 193 | smooth | |
| 194 | wet | |
| 195 | dry | |
| 196 | correct | |
| 197 | near | |
| 198 | far | |
| 199 | right | |
| 200 | left | |
| 201 | at | |
| 202 | in | |
| 203 | with | |
| 204 | and | |
| 205 | if | |
| 206 | because | |
| 207 | name |
Shorter Swadesh list
Below is a shorter Swadesh list containing only 35 words from the full Swadesh list above.
Copy the table and add words in your language, make it in a new page.
| No. | English | Language |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | |
| 2 | you (singular) | |
| 7 | this | |
| 11 | who | |
| 12 | what | |
| 22 | one | |
| 23 | two | |
| 45 | fish | |
| 47 | dog | |
| 48 | louse | |
| 64 | blood | |
| 65 | bone | |
| 67 | egg | |
| 68 | horn | |
| 69 | tail | |
| 73 | ear | |
| 74 | eye | |
| 75 | nose | |
| 77 | tooth | |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | |
| 83 | hand | |
| 103 | to know | |
| 109 | to die | |
| 128 | to give | |
| 147 | sun | |
| 148 | moon | |
| 150 | water | |
| 155 | salt | |
| 156 | stone | |
| 163 | wind | |
| 167 | fire | |
| 179 | year | |
| 182 | full | |
| 183 | new | |
| 207 | name |
Comparative Swadesh list
Full list
Shorter list
| No. | English |  Laefêvëši
|  Csara
| Riyon | Language4 | Language5 | Language6 | Language7 | Language8 | Language9 | Language10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | ai(s), ei(t) | pi | ||||||||
| 2 | you (singular) | jā(m), jē(f) | ti | ||||||||
| 7 | this | pôl(i), pôs(i), pól(i) | ir | tama | |||||||
| 11 | who | sél | ar(kas) | käähda | |||||||
| 12 | what | séi | ar | mita | |||||||
| 22 | one | ýśa, ýśe | zakim | ||||||||
| 23 | two | vrâ, vrê | hakit | tsũ | |||||||
| 45 | fish | Jalé | roctek | ||||||||
| 47 | dog | Níf | zirhav | ||||||||
| 48 | louse | kîū | cpođeŧh | ||||||||
| 64 | blood | híelt | lava | ||||||||
| 65 | bone | sýed | siirh | ||||||||
| 67 | egg | naéš | muldunh | ||||||||
| 68 | horn | þeôh | ħakraf | ||||||||
| 69 | tail | viên | vizreź | ||||||||
| 73 | ear | Tákkë | naħra | ||||||||
| 74 | eye | Vát | wülu | ||||||||
| 75 | nose | râk | zelmef | ||||||||
| 77 | tooth | oknów | zaħlar | ||||||||
| 78 | tongue (organ) | vannéš | huflum | liken | |||||||
| 83 | hand | néri | pizrák | ||||||||
| 103 | to know | Sállaj | nuskut | ||||||||
| 109 | to die | Áryvaj | raħnex | ||||||||
| 128 | to give | vévij | neh | ||||||||
| 147 | sun | Allodéj, Alléj | camset | ||||||||
| 148 | moon | Ettáma, Ettá | luujen | ||||||||
| 150 | water | Treâi | yálmó | palmi | |||||||
| 155 | salt | iséj | fezrelh | ||||||||
| 156 | stone | eâm | tarnak | ||||||||
| 163 | wind | Élla | xuuliu | ||||||||
| 167 | fire | Itínta, Tínt | safraðh | ||||||||
| 179 | year | eró | waqińu | ||||||||
| 182 | full | ekláimi | pastek | ||||||||
| 183 | new | lókimi | śäc | ||||||||
| 207 | name | Sáklaþ | vilað |
Swadesh lists
Swadesh lists in other languages (in alphabetical order):
